Kunzwisisa mutsauko, mashandisirwo, uye remangwana reLNG neCNG muindasitiri yesimba iri kusimukira
Ndeipi iri nani LNG kana CNG?
"Zviri nani" zvinoenderana zvachose nekushandiswa kuri kuitwa. LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), iyo iri mvura pa -162°C, ine simba rakawanda, zvichiita kuti ive yakakwana kumotokari dzinotakura nzendo refu, ngarava, nezvitima. Zvinoda kuva nedaro refu kwazvo. Kutakurwa kwedaro pfupi senge matekisi, mabhazi, nemarori madiki kwakanakira gasi rechisikigo rakamanikidzwa (CNG), iro rinogona kuchengetwa segasi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye rine simba rakaderera. Sarudzo yacho inoenderana nekuwana chiyero chakakodzera pakati pekuwanikwa kwezvivakwa uye zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Ndezvipi mota dzinogona kufamba neCNG?
Rudzi urwu rwemafuta runogona kushandiswa mumotokari dzakagadzirirwa kana dzakashandurwa kuti dzishande negasi rechisikigo rakamanikidzwa (CNG). Mashandisirwo akajairika eCNG anosanganisira zvikepe zvemuguta, matekisi, marori ekubvisa marara, uye mabhazi everuzhinji muguta. Mota dzeCNG dzinogadzirwa mufekitori dzinopihwawo kumotokari dzakawanda dzevafambi, dzakadai seHonda Civic kana Toyota Camry. Pamusoro pezvo, makit ekushandura anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mota dzakawanda neinjini dzepeturu kuti dzishande mumodhi yemafuta ese ari maviri (peturu/CNG), zvichipa kuchinjika uye kuchengetedza mari.
Ko LNG inogona kushandiswa mumota here?
Kunyangwe zvichibvira mudzidziso, hazviwanzoitiki uye hazvigoneke kumotokari dzakajairika. Kuti dzirambe dzakaita semvura kusvika -162°C, LNG inoda zvinhu zvakaoma,matangi ekuchengetera cryogenic anodhura zvakanyanya. Masisitimu aya makuru, anodhura, uye haana kukodzera nzvimbo shoma yemukati memota diki dzekufambisa. Mazuva ano, marori ane simba, anofamba daro refu nedzimwe mota hombe dzekutengesa dzine nzvimbo yematangi makuru uye kugona kuwana mabhenefiti kubva kuLNG refu ndiyo mota chete dzinoshandisa.
Ndezvipi zvakaipa zveCNG semafuta?
Dambudziko guru reCNG nderekuti ine nzvimbo shoma yekutyaira kana ichienzaniswa nedhiziri kana peturu uye masisitimu ayo mashoma ekudira mafuta, kunyanya munyika dziri kusimukira.Matangi eCNGdzakakura uye dzinorema, dzinowanzo tora nzvimbo yakawanda yekutakura zvinhu, kunyanya mumotokari dzevafambi. Pamusoro pezvo, mota dzinowanzo dhura kutenga kana kushandura pakutanga. Uyezve, nguva yekuwedzera mafuta inorebesa kupfuura mafuta emvura, uye mashandiro anogona kunge akaderera zvishoma pane mainjini akafanana anoshandiswa nepeturu.
Kune nzvimbo ngani dzekuzadza mafuta dzeCNG muNigeria?
Sisitimu yeNigeria yeNzvimbo dzemafuta dzeCNGichiri kugadzirwa kutanga kwegore ra2024. Mishumo yazvino kubva kuindasitiri inoratidza kuti kuchine zviteshi zveCNG zveveruzhinji zvishomanana zviri kushanda nefungidziro dzinotangira pazviteshi gumi kusvika makumi maviri. Zvizhinji zvacho zviri mumaguta makuru akadai seLagos neAbuja. Zvisinei, mumakore anotevera, nhamba iyi ingangokwira nekukurumidza nekuda kwe "Gas Development Project" yehurumende, inotsigira gasi rechisikigo senzvimbo yemagetsi isingadhuri uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda yekufambisa.
Nguva yehupenyu hwetangi reCNG ndeyei?
Matangi eCNG ane nguva yakaoma yekushandiswa, iyo inowanzo ratidzwa nezuva rekushandiswa kubva panguva yekugadzirwa kwete nemakumi emakore. Nhamba yakawanda yemitemo yenyika neyepasi rose inoda kuti matangi eCNG, angave akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvekugadzira kana simbi, ave nemakore 15-20 ekushandiswa. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu ari pachena, tangi rinofanira kugadziriswa mushure mechinguva kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti rakachengeteka. Sechikamu chezvirongwa zvekugadzirisa nguva dzose, matangi anofanirawo kuongororwa hunhu hwawo nekutarisa nemaziso uye bvunzo dzekumanikidzwa nguva nenguva.
Chii chiri nani, LPG kana CNG?
Zvese zviri zviviri CNG kana LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) zvinotsiva mafuta ane zvinhu zvakakosha. Zvichienzaniswa neLPG (propane/butane), iyo inorema kupfuura mhepo uye inokwanisa kuungana, CNG, iyo inonyanya kuve methane, yakatetepa pane mhepo uye inoparara nekukurumidza kana ikapwanyika. Nekuti CNG inopisa zvakanaka, inosiya nzvimbo shoma muzvikamu zveinjini. LPG, kune rumwe rutivi, ine sisitimu yakasimwa uye yakakura yekudira mafuta pasi rose, huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba, uye mhando iri nani. Sarudzo iyi inowanzo kukanganiswa nemutengo wemafuta munzvimbo ino, huwandu hwemotokari, uye sisitimu yekutsigira iripo parizvino.
Chii chiri musiyano uripo pakati peLNG neCNG?
Mugariro wavo chaiwo uye nzira dzekuchengetera zvinhu ndiwo unoratidza musiyano mukuru. Gasi rechisikigo rakamanikidzwa, kana kuti CNG, rinoramba riri muchimiro chegasi parinenge rakasimba (kazhinji 200–250 bar). LNG, kana gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudutswa, igasi rinogadzirwa nekudzikisa gasi rechisikigo kusvika -162°C, rinorishandura kuita mvura uye rinoderedza huwandu hwaro nekanenge ka600. Nekuda kweizvi, LNG ine simba rakawanda kupfuura CNG, izvo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kutakurwa kure uko kutsungirira kwakakosha. Zvisinei, inoda michina yekuchengetera cryogenic inodhura uye inodhura.
Chinangwa chei?Tangi reLNG?
Mudziyo wekuchengetera mvura unonyanya kushandiswa pakupisa (cryogenic storage device) itangi reLNG. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuderedza gasi rinobikira (BOG) nekuchengetedza LNG iri mumvura patembiricha yakaderera zvikuru inosvika -162°C. Matangi aya ane dhizaini yakaoma ine madziro maviri ane insulation inoshanda zvakanaka pakati pemadziro ne vacuum cleaner mukati. LNG inogona kuchengetwa nekufambiswa kure kure uchishandisa marori, ngarava, nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzisina kukuvara zvakanyanya nekuda kwedhizaini iyi.
Chii chinonziChiteshi cheCNG?
Nzvimbo yakasarudzika inopa mafuta emotokari dzinofambiswa neCNG inonzi CNG station. Gasi rechisikigo rinowanzo endeswa kwariri nemhepo yakaderera nesystem yekufambisa iri pedyo. Mushure meizvozvo, gasi iri rinocheneswa, rinotonhodzwa, uye rinomanikidzwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uchishandisa macompressor akasimba kuti riwane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (pakati pe200 ne250 bar). Mapaipi ekuchengetera ane mapopoma anoshandiswa kuchengetedza gasi rine mhepo yakawanda. zvichienzaniswa nekuzadza mafuta nemafuta, asi uchishandisa gasi rine mhepo yakawanda, gasi rinotumirwa kubva kumabhangi ekuchengetera aya kuenda mutangi reCNG remotokari uchishandisa dispenser yakakosha.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peLNG negasi renguva dzose?
Mafuta acho anowanzonzi "gasi rakajairika". Gasi rechisikigo rakanyungudika methane, kana kuti LNG, igasi rechisikigo risina njodzi rakaiswa zvakanaka mukuchengetedza. Musanganiswa wemvura wakagadziridzwa wemahydrocarbon akasiyana anonzi mafuta unogadzirwa nemafuta akacheneswa. Kana ichienzaniswa nepeturu, LNG inogadzira zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya (senge nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, uye particulate matter) panguva yekupisa, zvigadzirwa zvikuru zviri carbon dioxide (CO2) newater vapor. Kusiyana neLNG system ichiri kukura, peturu ine simba rakawanda pahuwandu uye inonakidzwa nemabhenefiti enetwork yekuwedzera mafuta pasi rose.
Tafura Yekuenzanisa
| Hunhu | LNG (Gasi Rechisikigo Rakanyungudutswa) | CNG (Gasi Rechisikigo Rakamanikidzwa) |
| Mamiriro Emuviri | Mvura | Gasi |
| Kuwanda kweSimba | Yakakwirira Zvikuru | Pakati nepakati |
| Zvikumbiro Zvikuru | Marori ane mutoro mukuru, Ngarava, Zvitima | Mabhazi, Matekisi, Mota dzakareruka |
| Zvivakwa | Nzvimbo dze cryogenic dzakasarudzika, dzisinganyanyi kuwanda | Nzvimbo dzekudira mafuta, network iri kuwedzera |
| Kugona Kwenzvimbo | Kureba | Pakati nepakati kusvika papfupi |
| Kumanikidzwa Kwekuchengetedza | Kumanikidzwa kwakaderera (asi kunoda tembiricha ye cryogenic) | Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (200-250 bar) |
Mhedziso
Mukuchinjira kune simba rakachena, LNG neCNG mhinduro dzinobatsirana panzvimbo pezvigadzirwa zvinokwikwidzana. Kune madaro marefu, kutakurwa kwakakomba, umo huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba rayo hunopa huwandu hunodiwa, LNG ndiyo sarudzo yakanakisisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, CNG mhinduro inoshanda uye ine hanya nezvakatipoteredza kumabhizinesi nemaguta ane marori akareruka anofanira kufamba munzvimbo shoma. Mafuta ese ari maviri achadikanwa mukuvandudza shanduko yesimba, kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon, uye kuderedza mitengo yemafuta mumisika iri kukura senge Nigeria. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari, nzvimbo dzekushanda, uye kuvandudzwa kwemasevhisi emunharaunda zvese zvinofanirwa kutorwa nokungwarira pakusarudza pakati pazvo.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-12-2025
